Riding a Roller Coaster Essay Example for Free

Riding a Roller Coaster Essay A thrill ride contains numerous circles and bends in a steady progression. From the start, the ride looks unnerving. I never figured I would see myself ride one until one day my niece constrained me to jump on one. She was just 13 years of age around then, and I was 20 years of age. Being more youthful than me, I would not like to give her how terrified I was, so I dropped my pride and rode it. In the wake of finding the energy of riding the exciting ride, I got dependent on it and continued riding it again and again. During the special seasons, my family and I went to Enchanted Kingdom in the Philippines. My little niece, Mai, needed to ride the thrill ride called The Space Shuttle. Being the most established, I needed to follow her despite the fact that I was frightened to ride it. While hanging tight in line for our turn, I saw numerous individuals were on edge to jump on, yet for me I was anxious like a young man. The sun was consuming onto my skin and made me sweat more as the line became shorter. I looked up to the exciting ride, and I saw that it accelerated two or three circumstances such as a plane. By then, I began to get butterflies in my stomach. When I was going to pivot, it was at that point past the point of no return. â€Å"It’s our turn,† my niece hollered with energy. I turned out to be calm and gave my ticket remnant to the individual accountable for the ride. We boarded and locked ourselves in as firmly as possible. In the wake of locking in, I told my niece that I was frightened and I would be shutting my eyes during the entire ride. She just answered by saying, â€Å"Don’t close your eyes or it’ll be considerably more unnerving; lift your hands up so it’ll be progressively fun! † The ride was going to begin, and my legs were Tumaneng 2 shuddering and my fingers couldn't keep still. There was a commencement board before us with lights that were red, yellow, and afterward green. When we hit the green light, the ride shot forward. I was unable to accept how quick the ride was going, and all the bend and makes lifted me feel sick. I recalled what my niece stated, and I adhered to her directions. After the ride arrived at its quickest speed, it out of nowhere eased back down and before us was a slope, so we began to climb. I could hear the chain pulling up the truck, and everybody around me was grinning and having a ton of fun. I was at that point having a fabulous time from the earliest starting point of the ride, and I needed more. It resembled a medication that I was unable to quit having. We arrived at the top when my niece hollered, â€Å"This is the thing that I’ve been hanging tight for! † I put my hands up, and I could perceive how wonderful the event congregation was. At that point, we dropped and I shouted my lungs out. As we dropped, we went into an immense circle that caused us to go topsy turvy. I was unable to have envisioned how much fun I was having. I cherished the adrenaline surge that was moving through my body. This ride alone made my blood siphon quicker than any time in recent memory, and I needed more. To my mistake, the ride stopped in light of the fact that it was finished. We unfastened ourselves and began to stroll down the steps, with my legs despite everything shuddering, except not from in dread yet from fervor. I adored the ride! It was quick and had a wide range of exciting bends in the road. In that day alone, I rode the ride very nearly multiple times with Mai. Riding the Space Shuttle turned into my enslavement. Each time I return to the Philippines, I need to get onto that ride. My niece and I had a ton of fun that day, and it is something that I can't ever overlook. The adventure of riding a thrill ride just because made me adores it until the end of time.

The Influence of Organized Crime Research Paper

The Influence of Organized Crime - Research Paper Example sorted out wrongdoing bunches look to create social control specifically networks and apply impact through debasement and savagery so as to achieve status and political force. Siegel (2012) brings up that transnational composed wrongdoing is a noteworthy danger to monetary development and political dependability in the US since the criminal systems invade the money related and security segments of the economy through defilement and compulsion. The crimes, for example, illegal tax avoidance and racketeering subvert the free markets while degenerate arrangements challenge the standard of law, legal frameworks and straightforwardness (Mallory, 2011). The global medication dealing associations that work inside the US advance kidnappings for payoff and coercion exercises in different nations and fund psychological warfare connected associations. Composed wrongdoing impact American governmental issues and economy through defilement, betting, racketeering, opiates dealing, cybercrime and po litical terrorizing. The sorted out wrongdoing systems have encouraged unlawful human carrying in to United States since these gatherings pirate fear based oppressors, outlaws and crooks so as to extend their crimes. The pirating of people from South American nations to the US produces about $ 6.7 billion of unlawful continues every year (Siegel, 2012). These gatherings are likewise dependable of weapon dealing from the US to other instable nations, for example, Somalia, China and Mexico. The composed criminal gatherings have entered in to protected innovation robbery that has seen impersonations of the top of the line gadgets and assembling forms licensed innovation burglary causes business misfortunes and undermines US intensity in universal exchange (Albanese, 2014). The criminal systems represent a genuine danger to the US budgetary and trust frameworks since cybercrime systems have prompted billions of misfortunes in the monetary foundation. Cybercrime has dissolved the citizens’ confidence i n the advanced frameworks and electronic installment

Establishing a Winning Corporate Strategy

Establishing a Winning Corporate Strategy “Leadership and learning are indispensable to each other” â€" John F. Kennedy.Walking into the office of most business executives, the keen observer may notice a trend: bookshelves filled with management guides, motivational marketing books and leadership manuals. There is a common ground among successful leaders: they are constantly learning. The business leader who truly wants to grow their business will most likely seek advice and help from those who have successfully navigated the road.Most business development books agree: to remain competitive in the marketplace, a successful company must develop a corporate strategy. A recent online search for books about corporate strategy resulted in 36,598 titles available from an internet retailer. While it is always a good idea to brush up on leadership skills and ideas, it isn’t feasible to wade through thousands of books â€" at least not if one wants to remain in a leadership position. Want to develop a corporate strategy but donâ €™t want the hassle of trying to find a book that will help? © Shutterstock.com | Rawpixel.comIn this article, we look at 1) defining corporate strategy, 2) why you need a corporate strategy, 3) components needed to develop a unique strategy, 4) the strategy framework â€" a look from all sides, and 5) famous strategy frameworks.DEFINING CORPORATE STRATEGYMany times, corporations develop what they call ‘Corporate Strategies”, but are disappointed with lackluster results and dismal returns. Before developing a corporate strategy, it is important to understand what a corporate strategy is, as well as what a corporate strategy isn’t.Corporate strategy is often confused with other key elements of business planning. According to the dictionary, strategy is defined as the “careful plan or method for achieving a particular goal usually over a long period of time”. With that definition in mind, consider what a corporate strategy is not.A corporate strategy is NOT a mission statement. The mission (or vision) of your company may guide the dire ction of your strategy, but simply composing a short paragraph about what the company intends to do will not propel your company to success.A corporate strategy is NOT a business plan. Laying out a series of steps for financial success is important, but a corporate strategy entails more than financial guidelines.   Well-developed corporate strategy will produce the framework for a business plan, but encompasses much more.A corporate strategy is NOT a list of short term goals, although it may include elements of immediate action items. It is more than simply maintaining the current market trends, and involves careful consideration of the danger of mediocrity.A winning corporate strategy is a set of key choices that can generate success. It is specific guidelines that a company can use to reach target customers, maintain an edge over competitors and increase their bottom line. Establishing a long term corporate strategy gives businesses more than a vision; it gives the tools to make t he vision a reality. An effective corporate strategy is both static and fluid: the ultimate result is defined, but the path to get there may change as needed. Developing a winning corporate strategy takes collaboration, time and effort. If it were easy, though, everyone would do it. Lead, don’t follow â€" establish a corporate strategy and jump ahead of the competition.WHY YOU NEED A CORPORATE STRATEGYUnderstanding corporate strategy is important. Equally as important is the understanding of why you need one. Consider a business as a jigsaw puzzle. The mission â€" or vision â€" of the company is the picture on the box. The outside edge, with the straight sides, is the framework of the company. The middle of the puzzle is filled with the details: the daily operation of the business.   A completed puzzle? Success; both intrinsic and extrinsic. Take away any of the puzzle parts and it doesn’t work. If the box is missing, it is hard to know how to fit the pieces together.   Having a box but missing pieces creates gaps and lessens the end result. The middle of the puzzle with no outside edge can lead to a misshapen, poorly formed picture. You need all of the elements of the puzzle to successfully create a picture.In the same way, you need all of the elements of a business: a business plan, a company vision, well-defined corporate structure, as well as a corporate strategy to keep it all together.   A winning corporate strategy brings all of the elements of a business together, and gives them a purpose, similarly to the box that the puzzle comes in. By combining all the elements of a business within the framework of a corporate strategy, a company can maximize success.Evaluating top companies across a variety of markets reveals that having a clear corporate strategy is often the difference between an average company and a winning company. The art of business is often referred to as a game. Winning coaches are typically questioned about the strategy they employed to win the game, and their plan is mimicked by others who want to capitalize on their success in hopes of realizing their own. For any company wishing to ‘win’ the business game, developing a successful corporate strategy requires several key elements.COMPONENTS NEEDED TO DEVELOP A UNIQUE STRATEGY © Entrepreneurial InsightsCompany Identity: How will you know if you win?Before engaging in the game of business, a company must evaluate their own identity. While it may seem obvious, the first element in a winning corporate strategy is to determine what winning looks like. A careful self-evaluation of the company will develop answers to several key questions. The development or inclusion of a company mission statement or vision will be part of the company identity. Answering the question ‘What does our company want to do?’ helps to define the framework of a strategy. Concrete goals that can be measured are an important piece of knowing what winning looks like.Market Placement: Where are you going to play?After determining what winning looks like for your particular company, you must evaluate, ‘Where is the best place to play?’ Understanding your goal (what winning looks like) will help determine where to best meet that goal. If your goal is to be the leading provider of ru nning shoes for women, the market for your product will be vastly different from a company who markets luxury accessories. While the customers may be all women, the market is not the same. Establishing the specific areas where you can excel (as well as knowing where you won’t) is important in a corporate strategy.Company Capabilities: How are you going to win?Identifying the strengths of the company, as well as the plan for company growth must be clearly defined. A company that has a top-notch distribution system will outplay a company that struggles with production and delivery if they capitalize on their abilities. Companies that want to lead the technology market should have a strong research and development department to stay ahead of the competition. Evaluate the company for the areas that it excels in. Does it support the goals and placement of the company? Maximizing the capabilities of the company will help ensure success, and will shed light on the areas that need improvi ng or outsourcing.Management Issues: What will it take to win?Once a goal has been established, evaluate the company to determine if it has the necessary structure and management to reach it. What does the company need to reach the market its chosen and what does it need to stay there? If the goal is global, does the company have an established distribution channel? Is there a workable solution for ordering and shipping? Can the company support multiple warehouses? Consider the equipment needed to play and evaluate if the company has what it needs.Evaluating the components of a corporate strategy cannot be done as a checklist effectively. Working through the components will require re-evaluation, altering, re-considering and ultimately moving from one component to another until they all fit together correctly. The goal may be to be a global leader, but the company may not be operating in the global marketplace. Similarly, the distribution channels may be excellent but a lack of mana gement may render it ineffective. Aligning the components until a clear corporate strategy emerges will require some time and effort.THE STRATEGY FRAMEWORK â€" A LOOK FROM ALL SIDESA winning corporate strategy has the potential to thrust a company to the forefront of its market. By utilizing both long and short term objectives, a corporate strategy can remain true to the ultimate goal (winning) but can change in the market (where to play) and process (how to win). Once a strategy has been developed, there are four essential steps to putting it to work.PositioningUsing the strategy to establish a position in the market will increase a company’s chance at success. It takes into account the end goal, as well as the current state of the company. By clearly defining the process needed to win, a company has an accurate picture of where they are in the market.ExecutionA corporate strategy is a waste of time, effort and money if it isn’t put to use. Executing the strategy in an efficien t and timely manner will not only help the company succeed, but will help to determine the validity of the plan. Execution of a corporate strategy requires buy-in by management and staff. This process can be difficult if the corporate strategy has changed, or if the means to the goal is changing, but is essential for the success of the company. Often, company officials choose to maintain the status quo in an effort to avoid stress, but this method will only hinder the company’s success.AdaptationA corporate strategy must be fluid. While the overall goal should not change, the means to reach that goal will change as technology advances, the market changes or other factors that will improve or alter the process. Being flexible with the ‘how to win’ portion of the strategy is important.ConcentrationThe overall success of a corporate strategy can be seen in more than a financial spreadsheet. A company that truly has maximized a corporate strategy has clear, concentrated goals.   T he road to those goals is clear and the company is constantly updating and improving their place in the market, while remaining true to the strategy framework.FAMOUS STRATEGY FRAMEWORKSUnderstanding a few of the common frameworks will help establish a winning corporate strategy for your business. © Walter KiechelSWOTA quick analysis of a company environment, SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Based on a general evaluation of both internal and external company operations, the SWOT framework is a very brief look at a company. Internally, the company evaluates both strengths and weaknesses. Externally, it considers the opportunities it has in the market as well as the threat of competitors. This method is useful when trying to find ways to make the two viewpoints work together.Value ChainA series of processes from development to service, the value chain tracks a company’s ability to generate a profit. By adding value efficiently, a company can increase profit. The value chain moves from inbound logistics (acquiring raw materials), through operations, into outbound logistics (moving products to market), out to marketing and sales and finally to service. Often considered a supply and demand scale, the value chain gives companies a look at their pr ocesses versus profits.Generic Competitive AdvantagesThe framework for generic competitive advantages can be applied by almost any company, in any market. There are three basic strategies that a company can use to be successful, according to this framework.   By establishing an advantage in cost leadership, differentiation and focus, a company can pull ahead of the competition. Cost leadership maximizes on offering the lowest price in the marketplace. This requires careful attention to market prices and processes. Differentiation positions a company to highlight the unique characteristics that the market wants. Focus tailors the company to a specific, often narrow, field within the marketplace.Portfolio TheoryThe mathematically-based Portfolio Theory gives companies a formula for evaluating, managing and minimizing risk. By looking at asset allocations, a company can evaluate the potential for risk against the possible reward.Porter’s Five Forces © Entrepreneurial InsightsBased on the five forces that work against a company, Michael Porter’s Five Forces gives companies a closer look at the opposition. The five forces include: rivalry, supplier power, threat of substitutes, threat of new entrants and buyer power. Understanding the potential behind each force will help companies position themselves for success, as well as give an edge over the competition. Finding the appropriate strategy to leverage a company’s strengths can change based on the current force at play.

Spanish Pronunciation and Conversation

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1704 Words

Class structure of the 1920s was based on popularity and how well off people were compared to those around them. F. Scott Fitzgerald illustrates class structure in the book The Great Gatsby through the different characters in different social classes. Fitzgerald gives settings that correspond with the social classes of the characters to better illustrate what environment he placed each character in. The Buchanan’s, Gatsby, and the Wilsons are examples of the different conflicting social classes Fitzgerald lays out for his readers. Rosanne Tomyn in the article, Changes in Social Class in America in the 1920s, States â€Å"the United States went through a period of extreme social change,† implying that America started to divide into three levels†¦show more content†¦Ian Reifowitz in the article, How roaring were the 20s, explains details about the book The Great Gatsby to prove the point that the â€Å"middle-class and working-class life improved during the 1920 s.† Nick Carraway, for example, lives on the outskirts of West egg which enables him to live among the wealthy without getting attached to that lifestyle. Nick Carraway, towards the end of the novel however, gets attached to the wealthy lifestyle of Gatsby and begins to enjoy it although he may begin to enjoy this lifestyle he plans to head west to get away and avoid holding onto the past. The poor also have a dominant role in the novel depicting how people were in the 1920s. The poor in the 1920s lived in horrible environments such as in the book it describes the valley of ashes as being â€Å"a farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hills and grotesque gardens where ashes take the forms of houses,† (Fitzgerald, Page 16) The valley of ashes indicates that the poor worked hard in factories day in and day out and that the factories were close to their home covering them in soot along with anything else around them. Brian Payne in the article, Poverty in the pro sperous years: The working poor of the 1920s and today, states that â€Å"In modern American history, economic upswings have never evenShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme that is so prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that

Heroes Speech Free Essays

When I was a kid, my super hero was Superman, I kind of admired him because I thought it would be cool to be able to fly and to have super-human strength, but the main reason why I liked Superman is because he helped people, no matter what. According to Times Magazine, we have become a society that is centered on self, self-gratification, self-motivation, self-indulgence, and it has been a driving force in developed countries since decades now; and as a result, we are witnesses to the slow death of the Hero.Today I want to tell you a little bit about how we define what a hero is , what it takes to be a hero, and how you and I can help refresh the effects of heroisme. We will write a custom essay sample on Heroes Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now So lets start with how we define what a heroe is. The definitions of a hero, according to â€Å"El Libro de los Heroes† says that â€Å"A hero is a person noted for feets of courage and ability of purpose, specially the one who risks or sacrifices his or her life†, but it goes on to say that its a person notused for special achievement on a particular field, such as the heroes of medicine.Basically, agreeing with the â€Å"World Hero Association† a hero is someone who for whatever reason or reasons does something for somebody else without thinking about themselves, personal gane, and in some cases personal endangerment . So who are these heros? I mean where are they? For real, where are they? Well, we see them everyday. Heroes come in all shapes and sizes, they are doctors, and nurses, and soldiers, firefighters and police officers, but they are also teachers, and mothers, and fathers, and care-givers, and social-workers, and YOU, that’s right, YOU.You have the potential to be a hero, you have what it takes to be a hero. You see, comic books mostly represent exagerated heroes in capes with symbols, and give them super human powers to make them larger than life, but I’m here to tell you that you don’t really need the cape, its just for show, and you don’t really need the symbol. We watch movies like The Lorf of The Rings, where, you know, we see all the action going on with the sword play; but sometimes we miss the hidden messages within that say â€Å"you can be a hero even if you think your weak and powerless, you don’t have to jump over tall buildings†.The news only highlights the tramatic acts of heroism like Hurricane Katrina or September 11th, this implies that in order for you to be a hero you must put yourself in danger. But that could not be farther from the truth. The turth is that ANYONE has the potential to be a Hero all you need are two factors One, you need opportunity. And two, you need initiative. So lets say that all of us in this room go out and start looking for those opportunities, and we start noticing things where we can give help, and then we start taking that initiative.We could start the chain reaction that spreads the sparks of heroism. Heroism is a powerful thing. Anyone at anytime and has the potential to be a hero anywhere. They can be that person who helps that lady carry her grocers to her car, or the employ who stays late to help a coworker get something done. These are the characteristics of a hero that we should all embrace and be willing to make our own. We need to encourage heroic traits because it will benefit society as a whole, but ourselves as well in the process.At the Berkeley â€Å"THDM† there is an article called â€Å"We can be Heroes† and they wrap it up by saying â€Å"If we loose the ability of imagine ourselves as heroes, our society will be cored for, but if we can re-connect with this ideals, we can create a connection with a hero within ourselves. † So to sum up, the â€Å"Urban Dictionary† defines a hero as someone admired for their achievements and qualities, but what is a hero for you?For me a hero is someone who touches our lives in a personal way and does not do it for themselves. Now more than ever we need heros, we need to be those heros. And if we start looking for those opportunities and start stepping forward and taking that initiative. We can make the difference. Heros come and heros go, heros die and some heros have grown old, for someone you know and someone you don’t be that hero. How to cite Heroes Speech, Papers

Heroes Speech Free Essays

When I was a kid, my super hero was Superman, I kind of admired him because I thought it would be cool to be able to fly and to have super-human strength, but the main reason why I liked Superman is because he helped people, no matter what. According to Times Magazine, we have become a society that is centered on self, self-gratification, self-motivation, self-indulgence, and it has been a driving force in developed countries since decades now; and as a result, we are witnesses to the slow death of the Hero.Today I want to tell you a little bit about how we define what a hero is , what it takes to be a hero, and how you and I can help refresh the effects of heroisme. We will write a custom essay sample on Heroes Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now So lets start with how we define what a heroe is. The definitions of a hero, according to â€Å"El Libro de los Heroes† says that â€Å"A hero is a person noted for feets of courage and ability of purpose, specially the one who risks or sacrifices his or her life†, but it goes on to say that its a person notused for special achievement on a particular field, such as the heroes of medicine.Basically, agreeing with the â€Å"World Hero Association† a hero is someone who for whatever reason or reasons does something for somebody else without thinking about themselves, personal gane, and in some cases personal endangerment . So who are these heros? I mean where are they? For real, where are they? Well, we see them everyday. Heroes come in all shapes and sizes, they are doctors, and nurses, and soldiers, firefighters and police officers, but they are also teachers, and mothers, and fathers, and care-givers, and social-workers, and YOU, that’s right, YOU.You have the potential to be a hero, you have what it takes to be a hero. You see, comic books mostly represent exagerated heroes in capes with symbols, and give them super human powers to make them larger than life, but I’m here to tell you that you don’t really need the cape, its just for show, and you don’t really need the symbol. We watch movies like The Lorf of The Rings, where, you know, we see all the action going on with the sword play; but sometimes we miss the hidden messages within that say â€Å"you can be a hero even if you think your weak and powerless, you don’t have to jump over tall buildings†.The news only highlights the tramatic acts of heroism like Hurricane Katrina or September 11th, this implies that in order for you to be a hero you must put yourself in danger. But that could not be farther from the truth. The turth is that ANYONE has the potential to be a Hero all you need are two factors One, you need opportunity. And two, you need initiative. So lets say that all of us in this room go out and start looking for those opportunities, and we start noticing things where we can give help, and then we start taking that initiative.We could start the chain reaction that spreads the sparks of heroism. Heroism is a powerful thing. Anyone at anytime and has the potential to be a hero anywhere. They can be that person who helps that lady carry her grocers to her car, or the employ who stays late to help a coworker get something done. These are the characteristics of a hero that we should all embrace and be willing to make our own. We need to encourage heroic traits because it will benefit society as a whole, but ourselves as well in the process.At the Berkeley â€Å"THDM† there is an article called â€Å"We can be Heroes† and they wrap it up by saying â€Å"If we loose the ability of imagine ourselves as heroes, our society will be cored for, but if we can re-connect with this ideals, we can create a connection with a hero within ourselves. † So to sum up, the â€Å"Urban Dictionary† defines a hero as someone admired for their achievements and qualities, but what is a hero for you?For me a hero is someone who touches our lives in a personal way and does not do it for themselves. Now more than ever we need heros, we need to be those heros. And if we start looking for those opportunities and start stepping forward and taking that initiative. We can make the difference. Heros come and heros go, heros die and some heros have grown old, for someone you know and someone you don’t be that hero. How to cite Heroes Speech, Papers

THE ANALYSIS OF ORWELLS NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR Essay Example

THE ANALYSIS OF ORWELLS NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR Essay THE ANALYSIS OF ORWELL’S NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR AND HUXLEY’S BRAVE NEW WORLD THROUGH THE PERPSECTIVE OF THE MODERN WORLD 2006 Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 We will write a custom essay sample on THE ANALYSIS OF ORWELLS NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on THE ANALYSIS OF ORWELLS NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on THE ANALYSIS OF ORWELLS NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 1. Chapter 1: Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 2. Chapter 2: Reappraisal of the literature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 3. Chapter 3: Research methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . 7 4. Chapter 4: Discussion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 4.1. The novels’ historical contexts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . 7 4.2. The analysis of George Orwell’sNineteen Eighty-fourand Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . 10 5. Chapter 5: Conclusions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 21 6. Chapter 6: Suggestions for farther research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 22 7. References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . 23 Abstraction The research provides a profound analysis of George Orwell’s novelNineteen Eighty-fourand Aldous Huxley’s workBrave New World, paying attending to the issues of province, freedom, brainwashing and apathy. Pulling a analogue between the universes presented in the novels and the modern universe, the paper makes an effort to uncover that the issues raised by Huxley and Orwell greatly correspond with the bulk of modern-day issues. The standard findings suggest thatNineteen Eighty-fourandBrave New Worldare prophetic in their presentations of political and societal systems of future societies. Such states as the United States and Germany, Russia and Ukraine demonstrate the world presented in Orwell and Huxley’s narratives, particularly in respect to mass media, doublethink, deficiency of freedom, conditioning, societal control and cloning. On the one manus, these consequences correspond with some old analyses ofNineteen Eighty-fourandBrave New World,but, on the other m anus, they provide different point of views. 1 Introduction George Orwell’sNineteen Eighty-four( 1949 ) and Aldous Huxley’sBrave New World( 1932 ) constitute the chief literary beginnings for the analysis of modern societal and political systems, as both plants reflect the negative effects of the important control that destroys person’s individualism and freedom. Although Orwell and Huxley’s narratives belong to the genre of Utopian fiction, they reveal a deformed vision of the present universe instead than the future universe. Actually, any portraiture of utopia implicitly uncovers the being of certain societal, political and cultural jobs. While in the get downing the novels nowadays the Utopian societies, they are bit by bit transformed into the dystopian societies, as the narratives advancement. Orwell and Huxley’s Utopias are profoundly rooted in the history, implicitly or explicitly showing certain historical events or societal systems of the past. Therefore,Nineteen Eighty-fourandBrave New Worldnon me rely adhere to the truth, but besides reflect the authors’ hopes for the better hereafter. On the other manus, such Utopian novels are normally accepted equivocally, ensuing in public efforts to forbid this sort of fiction. Harmonizing to Darko Suvin ( 1970 [ page 215 ] , â€Å"The brightest hopes of humanity, we know, are apt to devolve into justifications for the Inquisition, the Stalinist purgings or the My Lai massacres† . Nevertheless, Orwell’sNineteen Eighty-fourand Huxley’sBrave New Worldmolded political thought of modern-day readers and well influenced farther coevalss of writers, such as Ray Bradbury, Stanislaw Lem, Thomas Pynchon and Anthony Burgess. The term ‘Orwellian’ , which is frequently utilised by critics, became the incarnation of â€Å"the totalitarian development of the State as depicted inNineteen Eighty-fourandAnimal Farm† ( The Concise Oxford Dictionary, 1991 [ page 839 ] ) . As modern democracy fails to set up public and single freedom, Orwell and Huxley’s novels become particularly important for detec ting the balance between common and private kingdoms.Nineteen Eighty-fourandBrave New Worlduncover of import moral and societal issues, keeping the thoughts of freedom and equality among all groups of people. Therefore, the end of the research is double: 1 ) to carry on a profound analysis of the major issues of Orwell’sNineteen Eighty-fourand Huxley’sBrave New World; 2 ) to uncover the similarities and differences between the invented universes and the modern-day universe. On the footing of these ends the paper is divided into several chapters. Get downing with an debut that provides a general overview of Orwell and Huxley’s literary plants, the analysis continues with a reappraisal of the literature that evaluates the bing critical plants in respect toNineteen Eighty-fourandBrave New World.The following subdivision demonstrates the theoretical research methods utilised for the analysis, while chapter 4 investigates in deepness the issues of province, freedom, apathy and brainwashing in Orwell and Huxley’s novels, paying much attending to modernness. Chapter 5 summarises the findings of the analysis and is followed by the concluding subdivision that discusses the restrictions of the research and provides some suggestions for farther surveies of George Orwell and Aldous Huxley. 2 Review of the literature Due to the fact that Orwell’sNineteen Eighty-fourand Huxley’sBrave New Worldare instead complex literary plants, they evoke contradictory critical point of views. Alan Kennedy ( 1998 [ page 94 ] provinces that â€Å"Orwell’s novel is non at all a prognostication or a warning, but a challenge: a challenge to our reading ability† . Christopher Hitchens ( 2002 ) expresses the opposite position, claiming that Orwell’sNineteen Eighty-fouris a truly prophetic work that depicts an imperial universe. Neil Postman ( 1986 ) reveals the similar sentiment in respect to Huxley’sBrave New World,saying that the writer provides the true portraiture of the consumer universe with the spread of mass media and drugs. French republics Fukuyama ( 2002 ) considers that Aldous Huxley’s narrative is non merely prophetic, but it exceeds other plants of fiction, as the novel foretells the finds in familial technology long before they were really revealed. Erich Fromm ( 1990 [ page 313 ] ) points out that Orwell’sNineteen Eighty-fourâ€Å"is the look of a temper, and it is a warning. The temper it expresses is that of near desperation about the hereafter of adult male, and the warning is that†¦ work forces all over the universe will lose their most human qualities† . Alok Rai ( 1988 [ page 120 ] ) reveals that â€Å"Orwell’s bookmans have noted the continuity betweenNineteen Eighty-fourand Orwell’s earlier Hagiographas, at the degree of images every bit good as of themes† . Jenni Calder ( 1976 [ page 35 ] ) draws a analogue between the writers’ backgrounds and the universes they present, proposing that â€Å"Huxley and Orwell were both cognizant that within the society they observed, people were easy influenced. They were, in fact, conditioned all the clip, subjected all the clip to pressures† . Calder points out that Huxley’s conditioning is depicted through the societal use, and Orwell’s conditioning is reflected through the impact of media and political forces. Jerome Meckier ( 1978 ) evaluates the extent of psychological conditioning in Huxley’sBrave New World, pulling a analogue between Freud and Ford who are exposed to a instead satirical portraiture in the novel. Harmonizing to Meckie r ( 1978 [ page 41 ] ) , â€Å"Where Ford wanted to run life like one of his mills, Freud treated the head as a piece of neurological machinery†¦ Our Ford equals Our Freud because Huxley saw both work forces as canonized mechanics† . Deanna Madden ( 1992 ) analysesBrave New Worldthrough the feministic position. Madden ( 1992 [ page 289 ] ) states that â€Å"The scene of Brave New World, a future London of phallic skyscrapers, is a universe in which the male rule of scientific discipline has subjugated and about eradicated the female rule of nature† . To a certain extent, this statement is valid, as Huxley truly intensifies the portraiture of male gender, cut downing female gender. But, on the other manus, such attitude towards males and females is important for Huxley’s narrative, and Madden’s point of view may uncover her ain biass in respect toBrave New World.Some critics ( for case, Suvin, 1970 ) show their prejudices in other ways ; in peculiar, they point at the fact that such Utopias asBrave New WorldandNineteen Eighty-fourshould be banned because of their negative impact on society. However, harmonizing to Mannheim ( 1985 [ pages 262-263 ] , the prohibition of utopia â€Å"ultimately would intend the decay of human will†¦ bring [ ing ] about a inactive province of personal businesss in which adult male himself becomes no more than a thing† . Overall, such controversial sentiments provide an chance to analyze Huxley and Orwell’s novels from different positions and uncover alterations in societal thought. 3 Research methodological analysis The present research applies to a historical research method and a comparative attack, as both methods are important for the comparing of two literary plants and the comparing of two kingdoms – the fabricated and modern. The comparative attack draws a parallel between two different facets, bring outing similar and opposite sides within the socio-political scene ( Ragin, 1991 ) , while the historical method analyses these facets through historical, political and societal contexts. In this paper the historical method is utilised for the rating of the periods, in which Huxley and Orwell’s plants are created, and the present societal world. Therefore, the historical method non merely collects certain informations, using both primary and secondary beginnings, but besides interprets them through the positions of the past and present ( Leedy, 2001 ) . In this respect, the method expands the modern-day apprehension of Orwell and Huxley’s fictions. The comparative attack provides the footing for understanding societal and political systems in the discussed societies and reveals the relatedness of certain issues. Besides, this method demonstrates that the impressions ‘utopia’ and ‘dystopia’ are non contradictory, but instead complementary. Utopia can be transformed into dystopia and frailty versa, depending on the perceptual experience and reading of a peculiar literary work. Although Huxley and Orwell provide the portraitures of the Utopian universes, they bit by bit present the images of societies that can be identified as dystopian. 4 Discussion 4.1. The novels’ historical contexts George Orwell’s novelNineteen Eighty-fourwas produced after the writer’s return from the Civil War in Spain. Despite the fact that Orwell chiefly belonged to the left political wing, the war well changed his point of views, and the author became greatly defeated with the political system of the U.S.S.R. The Hitler-Stalin Pact, which put an terminal to the Spanish Revolution, was negatively accepted by Orwell who began to uncover the negative effects of the Stalinist government in his literary plants. The attitude of the West was similar to Orwell’s vision shortly after World War Two, but inNineteen Eighty-fourOrwell makes an effort to supply a true portraiture of the destructive Communist political orientation. As a author, Orwell deviates from any political labels, but howeverNineteen Eighty-fourremains an of import political work. This truthfulness was negatively perceived by Soviet mass media that regarded Orwell’s work as the concealed aggression on Soviet Union and Communism ( Anisimov, 1975 ) . However, George Orwell ( 1970, Vol.4 [ page 564 ] ) rejects this point of view, claiming that â€Å"Nineteen Eighty-fouris NOT intended as an onslaught on Socialism†¦ but as a show-up of the perversions to which a centralized economic system is apt and which have already been partially realised in Communism and Fascism† . Orwell was good cognizant of the negative impact of the totalitarian government on a province ; in peculiar, the author observed the gradu al decay of Great Britain under the force per unit area of two unsafe political powers – the Communist Party and Nazi dictators. Using the position of the hereafter, Orwell discusses the issues and events, which deeply reflect the modern-day universe, despite the fact that Orwell depicts the totalitarian government of the Stalin epoch. Simultaneously,Nineteen Eighty-fourmay uncover Orwell’s anxiousness for â€Å"the turning off from democracy and blunt esteem for dictatorship, which overtook the British clerisy in approximately 1940† ( Orwell, 1970, Vol.3 [ page 94 ] . This doubtful attack seems to arouse uncertainness, which the writer expresses in the really beginning of the narrative. On the one manus, the described events may be reiterated in the hereafter and, therefore, the novel will be strongly prohibited. On the other manus, the author’s vision of the future society may be incorrect ; in this respect, his thoughts will be mindless. However, George Orwell’s uncertainness was overdone, asNineteen Eighty-fourappeared to be rather appropriate for the modern universe. As George Orwell ( 1970, Vol.4 [ page 564 ] ) acknowledges in the missive to Henderson, â€Å"I believe that something resembling it [ the totalitarian universe ] could get. I believe besides that totalitarian thoughts have taken root in the heads of intellectuals everywhere† . Therefore, it is possible to assume that Orwell’sNineteen Eighty-fourwas meant to be prophetic, although the writer could non foretell the extent of this prognostication. George Orwell was one of those British writers who realised the dangers of the modern epoch and made everything to continue simpleness of the past, at least through literature. Deviating from his upbringing and detecting the influence of imperialism on assorted groups of people, Orwell used to measure every societal or political issue from the double position. Contrary to Orwell’s novel, Aldous Huxley’s workBrave New Worldwas non destined to be prophetic. Huxley wrote his novel in 1932 when the issues of drugs, sex and human cloning were non even exposed. But in a unusual manner, the fabricated society inBrave New Worldgreatly resembles modern American society, and today many issues raised by the writer pealing true. However, this prognostication is non inadvertent, as Huxley lived in many European states, such as Britain, France and Italy and observed their civilization, political systems and living conditions. InBrave New Worldthe author embodies the bing moral decay, corruptness and the spread of gender. Although Huxley nowadayss future London in the novel, it is the United States that is reflected in his created community. Belonging to the upper-class society, Huxley was truly afraid of the bureaucratic system established in the USA. This bureaucratism is portrayed in Huxley’s novel through the image of Henry Ford. In the 30s old ages of the 20Thursdaycentury Ford was one of the most of import figures in the universe, and Ford’s mills were presented as illustrations of glorious productiveness. As David Gartman ( 1998 [ page 121 ] provinces, â€Å"around the bend of the century competitory capitalist economy gave manner to the monopoly or Fordist phase. This period is defined by the rise of the big, monopolistic corporation and the mass production of standardized goods† . Although the Soviet Union worshipped Ford, Huxley raises against Ford and his concern ‘empire’ . The author was good cognizant of economic jobs in the capitalist universe that were aggravated by the spread of fascism, and Huxley wasn’t deceived by Ford’s prosperity. Similar to Orwell’s novel,Brave New Worlddemonstrates the division of society on the elite, which consists of 10 Controllers, and the common people. But different life conditions of George Orwell and Aldous Huxley influenced their presentation of the hereafter universes. While Orwell provides the dark universe with the deficiency of freedom and force, paying much attending to political issues, Huxley creates the Utopian world based on the over-use of engineering and pleasances. The undermentioned subdivision demonstrates that, to some extent, both writers were right in their portraitures of the hereafter, gaining the strength of totalitarian government and the spread of engineering. 4.2.The analysis of George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four and Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World In his celebrated novelNineteen Eighty-fourGeorge Orwell applies to the hereafter, in peculiar, to the period of 1984, portraying a totalitarian society Oceania, which is to the full controlled by the alleged Big Brother. Actually, Orwell portrays three universe powers: Oceania that includes the USA, Latin America and the United Kingdom, Eastasia with such states as Asia, China and the greatest portion of Latin, and eventually Eurasia. In Oceania people are deprived of free thought and freedom, being under the changeless observation of a specific regulating organic structure. Introducing the thought of Thought Crime and the official organ of the Thought Police, the governments prevent any show of free will or trust among citizens. In his essayLiterature and Dictatorship( 1941 ) Orwell ( 1970 [ page 161 ] ) expresses the similar thought, claiming that â€Å"we live in an age in which the independent person is discontinuing to be – or possibly one should state, in which the per son is discontinuing to hold the semblance of being autonomous† . Harmonizing to Orwell’s point of view, dictatorship is normally identified with such states as Russia or Germany, but in world this political system may be found throughout the universe. Dictatorship threatens the really being of society, as it controls societal and single thought. Therefore, inNineteen Eighty-fourand inLiterature and DictatorshipOrwell raises the issue of brainwashing, an invented political tool, which is utilized to turn people towards a certain way. In fact, the impression of brainwashing appeared after Orwell’s publication ofNineteen Eighty-four( more exactly in 1950 in the USA ) , but as brainwashing is a widely spread phenomenon in the modern universe, this term is utilised in the analysis of Orwell’s novel. Similar to Orwell’s universe, where Big Brother utilises brainwashing to command people’s heads, many modern-day provinces, such as the USA and Russia, use to brainwashing to accomplish certain intents. For case, brainwashing in these states normally acquires political and spiritual signifiers. As for the latter facet, assorted spiritual cults use brainwashing to alter people’s beliefs. InNineteen Eighty-fourthe author portrays merely political brainwashing, as spiritual cults were non prevailing in Orwell’s times. However, political brainwashing is even more aggravated in the modern universe than in Orwell’s novel. This is particularly obvious in the USA, where the efforts of politicians and mass media are aimed at affecting people into different signifiers of terrorist act. The Bush opinion is normally identified with the military absolutism because of assorted instances of brainwashing. Unfortunately, these sorts of brainwashing are utilised in s uch a hidden manner that Americans are no longer cognizant of the existent state of affairs in their state. This has a direct analogue to Orwell’s society, but there are some persons in George Orwell’s narrative, like Winston Smith from the Ministry of Truth and Julia, who make efforts to oppose the bing societal system, or, in other words, Ingsoc ( English Socialism ) . Unfortunately, Winston’s efforts are vain, as the character’s battle for freedom eventually destroys him. The bing system absorbs Winston, as Orwell ( 2000 [ page 311 ] ) provinces, â€Å"it was alright, everything was all right, the battle was finished. He had won the triumph over himself. He loved Big Brother† . In fact, the governing Party inNineteen Eighty-fourgreatly depends on such immune persons as Winston and Julia, but these characters are treated as ‘dead’ , because they differ from the remainder of society. Harmonizing to O’Brien, another character of Orwell’s narrative, â€Å"we do non let the dead to lift up against us†¦ we do non destruct the heretic†¦ we convert him, we capture his inner head, we reshape him†¦ we make the encephalon perfect before we blow it out† ( Orwell, 2000 [ page 267 ] ) . In other words, the Party both inspires and destroys the immune forces to last. Thus, Winston’s free will is suppressed, and he starts to resemble other citizens of Oceania who obey Big Brother without modesty. As O’Brien puts it, â€Å"The misbeliever, the enemy of society, will ever be at that place, so that he can be defeated and humiliated all over again†¦ This play I have played out with you during seven old ages will be played out over and over once more, coevals after generation† ( Orwell, 2000 [ pages 280-281 ] ) . This destructive societal control is established in modern Germany, which excellently reflects the world of Orwell’s fabricated universe. The procedure of reunion that occurred in 1989 after the autumn of the Berlin Wall resulted non merely in the serious economic prostration, but besides in the formation of the system that began to stamp down any presentation of free will in Germany. Such suppression created a considerable strife between the presented societal image and the bing world. In his workTime Must Have a StopAldous Huxley ( 1998 [ page 3 ] exactly depicts the similar societal world: â€Å"And 1000000s hungering, 1000000s frightened, an d ill, and anxious†¦ The horror was ever at that place, even when 1 happened to be experiencing good and happy – ever at that place, merely round the corner and behind about every door† . In the novelAnimal Farm( 1945 ) , which opposes the Stalinist government in the allegorical manner, George Orwell ( 1977 ) creates the correspondent portraiture, showing the loss of freedom and hapless life conditions of animate beings after their rebellion. Overthrowing Farmer Jones, animate beings replace a barbarous leader for even the worse leader Napoleon who establishes the system of panic and brainwashing. Making the important elite, Napoleon ( the incarnation of Stalin ) divides animate beings on higher and lower. Through Squealer, the hog that conducts the propaganda, Orwell uncovers the rules of brainwashing in a totalitarian system. Squealer presents Napoleon as the ultimate maestro of all animate beings, pull offing to carry them that some animate beings are created superior to others. In this respect, Orwell draws a analogue between animate beings and human existences ; this is particularly obvious in the undermentioned transition fromAnimal Farm, â€Å"The animals outs ide looked from hog to adult male, and from adult male to pig, and from hog to adult male once more, but already it was impossible to state which was which† ( Orwell, 1977 [ page 119 ] ) . Simultaneously, the author reveals that any revolution consequences in the alteration of leaders, but non in the betterment of life conditions. This was merely the instance with the Orange Revolution in Ukraine that occurred in 2004-2005 ; although the Revolution was aimed at replacing the corrupted leader for a just leader, the state of affairs in Ukraine has well aggravated since so. The present opinion organic structure intensifies the differentiation between the elite and the common people, reenforcing poorness and societal dissatisfaction. As a consequence, the acquired freedom appears excessively brief, while the power is wholly corrupted. Nothing has truly changed, as is truthfully shown inAnimal Farm.Furthermore, inNineteen Eighty-fourGeorge Orwell besides demonstrates that the common people, unlike the opinion elite, live in dark topographic points of poorness and societal antipathy. This is particularly true in respect to modern China, where the opinion governments enrich themselves, adhering to communist rules, but the common people undergo poorness because of this corruptness. Such portraiture can be applied non merely to Germany and China, but besides to modern-day Russia and Ukraine, the states of the former U.S.S.R. , where corruptness has acquired so expansive signifiers that it threatens the being of both states. In Russia and Ukraine, similar to Orwell’s Oceania, freedom and free will are limited, although the states adhere to the rules of democracy. But this democracy is merely an image for European states, while in world their societal systems are really near to the totalitarian government. Mass media and concern in Russia and Ukraine are controlled by the bing authorities organic structure, which conceals the truth and normally provides people with wrong information. Long before Russia and Ukraine’s independency George Orwell explains the grounds and effects of such societal system. InNineteen Eighty-fourthe author points at the fact that any societal decay is the direct consequence of the decay within governmental governments. Making changeless efforts to set up stableness in Oceania, the opinion organic structure creates an semblance for the citizens, as stableness prevents any patterned advance or alteration, both societal and single. Although Large Brother seems to command everything and everybody in Oceania, it is ruined indoors. Orwell’s Great Leader is non merely corrupted, but it besides destroys human va lues and the kernel of individuality, keeping the ideals of brainwashing and subjugation. However, as Winston claims in respect to the Party, â€Å"I know that you will neglect. There is something in the universe – I don’t cognize, some spirit, some rule – that you will neer overcome†¦ The spirit of Man† ( Orwell, 2000 [ page 282 ] ) . It is this peculiar spirit that opposes different facets of the bing societal system, including Newspeak, the linguistic communication spoken in this fabricated state. Actually, the state of affairs with Newspeak is instead controversial and it greatly corresponds with the linguistic communication state of affairs in modern Ukraine. Though in Orwell’s narrative Newspeak â€Å"was the official linguistic communication of Oceania†¦ in the twelvemonth 1984 there was non as yet anyone who used Newspeak as his sole agencies of communication† ( 2000 [ page 312 ] ) . As Ukraine acquired independency, Ukrainian became its official linguistic communication, but the bulk of population continued to t alk Russian linguistic communication. Nowadays the linguistic communication job in Ukraine becomes the sticking point for many political parties that utilise it for their ain intents. Some parties support the thought of bilingualism, while other political leaders oppose it. But it is obvious that Ukrainian linguistic communication will be a exclusive official linguistic communication every bit long as it is necessary for Ukrainian governments. As Frank Winter ( 1984 [ page 87 ] ) truly claims, â€Å"Throughout [Nineteen Eighty-four] , Newspeak is identified with Ingsoc† , and Orwell’s character Winston expresses the same impression, indicating out that â€Å"Newspeak is Ingsoc and Ingsoc is Newspeak† ( Orwell, 2000 [ page 55 ] ) . Therefore, the Party and the linguistic communication are inseparably connected with each other inNineteen Eighty-four; if Newspeak fails to replace the former linguistic communication, so the bing Party will non be recognised as the chief important organic structure in Oceania. Harmonizing to Rai ( 1988 [ page 122 ] ) , â€Å"the affair of linguistic communication – â€Å"Newspeak† – is cardinal to Orwell’s construct of the smothering dictatorship ofNineteen Eighty-four. Language is one of the cardinal instruments of political domination, the necessary and insidious agencies of the ‘totalitarian’ control of reality† . As a glorious stylist, Orwell expresses his frights of the linguistic communication simplification through the execution of Newspeak. In this respect, mass media in Orwell’s narrative bit by bit eliminates certain words from the use ; it is the purpose of the newsmans to understate the vocabulary, forestalling any spread of thought. This sort of brainwashing exists in modern media, although in a different mode. For case, mass media in the United States or Russia pay attending to specific words to arouse people’s emotions towards such issues as terrorist act, drugs and cloning, trusting to animate unfastened actions. Newspapers and telecasting may easy divert from the truth or keep contradictory point of views, depending on fortunes. Similarly, the Ministry of Truth inNineteen Eighty-foursubstitutes the true historical portraitures for dishonest records under the force per unit area of Big Brother. Possessing a monopoly on information, the Party establishes its ain history and creates telecasting plans with force and erotica for the remainder of population. As a consequence, people inNineteen Eighty-fourare brought up on the rules of force and hatred ; the execution of ‘hate sessions’ , a specific societal ceremonial, intensifies these negative emotions and at the same time ties human existenc es with the opinion organic structure. As Mario Varricchio ( 1999 [ page 98 ] ) points out, the media in Orwell’s fresh â€Å"perform [ s ] a important political map by forestalling and quashing protest and, more by and large, by conditioning and suppressing oppositional forces in a manner that ominously foreshadows the present† . Presents, mass media in the United States invariably presents the images of force, negatively act uponing both kids and grownups. On the one manus, such images change people’s heads and coerce them to populate in the illusive universe, as in Orwell’s novel. On the other manus, kids who are brought up on such images suffer from assorted behavioral and psychological upsets that destroy the natural procedure of their development. Today’s world is even more awful than the world portrayed inNineteen Eighty-four; force in the media generates the spread of terrorist act, which, in its bend, acquires a baleful power because of the media. The events of September 11 were utilised by the media to animate people’s hatred and, at the same clip, to warrant farther actions of American authorities against the terrorists. Actually, Bush and his protagonists treat the terrorist onslaughts of September 11 in such controversial ways that it is clear that the US regulating org anic structure maintains the rules of doublethink even more than the Party in Orwell’s narrative. In Orwell’sNineteen Eighty-fourOcenia is in the changeless battle, but this province of war is disguised with the aid of propaganda and false information. Harmonizing to Barnes ( 1980 [ page 142 ] ) , people in Oceania â€Å"are efficaciously prevented from larning that the wars are really phoney. To convey about this indispensable misrepresentation of the people requires a enormous development of propaganda, thought-policing, regimentation and mental terrorism† . The USA utilises the similar methods, supplying secret fiscal support for assorted unsafe groups and elect, but making the image of a democratic province that makes everything to get by with the spread of terrorist act. Tariq Ali ( 2002 ) claims that the United States justifies all actions for the protection of democracy in the state, such as American ‘war on terror’ in respect to Iraq and Afghanistan, but this thought of doublethink is really similar to Orwell’s vocalization ‘war is peace’ . In his novelComing Up for Air( 1939 ) Orwell ( 1977 [ page 149 ] ) reveals non the incubus of war, but the negative effects of war, claiming that â€Å"it isn’t the war that affairs, it’s the after-war. The universe we’re traveling down into, the sort of hate-world, slogan-world† . American mass media exaggerates or simplifies the state of affairs with terrorist act, while the state continues to destruct friendly dealingss with other provinces ( North Korea, Syria and Iran ) and set up new dealingss. The battle against al Qaeda and Osama bin Laden was transformed into wars against Afghanistan and Iraq. As a consequence, Orwell’s vision becomes a world ; as the author provinces inComing Up for Air, â€Å"†¦and the crowds of a million people all heartening for the Leader boulder clay they deafen themselves into believing that they truly worship him, and all the clip, underneath, they hate him so that they want to puke† ( Orwell, 1977 [ pag e 149 ] ) . Therefore, similar toAnimal Farm, Orwell’sNineteen Eighty-fourandComing Up for Airreveal that power is ever corrupted and that any societal system, be it fascism, communism, dictatorship or animalism, is a mere psychotic belief. As Orwell ( 1977 [ page 149 ] ) truly claims inComing Up for Air, â€Å"Hitler’s black and Stalin’s white. But it might every bit good be the other manner about, because in the small chap’s mind both Hitler and Stalin are the same. Both average wrenchs and smashed faces† . InBrave New WorldAldous Huxley besides creates the Utopian universe, where people are deprived of the world. In this respect, Huxley portrays a dystopian society, which is governed by the Controllers and haoma, a specific drug that dispossesses persons of their historical yesteryear, civilization, freedom and thought. Although haoma is implemented to assist people with their emphasiss, it appears to be a psychotic belief, as haoma destroys their lives and their personalities. Huxley’s supporters are someplace between positive and negative emotions, experiencing unusual apathy and the loss of sensitiveness, as they are produced for societal demands, but non for single being. These people do non uncover any involvement or the wish for creativeness ; missing the past and history, the characters can non command their present life or organize their hereafter. Many of them are created as twins and are farther exposed to the method of psychological conditioning that wholly erases the ir individualism, coercing the characters to keep the illusory ideals. However, Huxley demonstrates that these people do non gain their interior devastation, as they lack the ability to believe, and the Controllers see them as â€Å"nice tame animals† ( Huxley, 1998 [ page 236 ] ) . This is besides a sort of brainwashing ; the Controllers, similar to Orwell’s Big Brother, make people believe in Utopia, using to drugs and conditioning. But unlike Orwell’s narrative, brainwashing is utilised from birth when babes are conditioned to appreciate certain values. From the really first kids are distributed among five societal castes, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Epsilon, and they can non alter their societal position. Actually, they do non desire any alterations, as they are conditioned to experience felicity. Harmonizing to the Controllers’ vision, â€Å"You’ve got to take between felicity and what people used to name high art. Actual felicity ever looks pretty seamy in comparing with the overcompensation for misery† ( Huxley, 1998 [ page 221 ] ) . But this point of view is false, because felicity can non be identified with the absence of hurting ; it is the Savage who realises that a individual achieves felicity if he/she has freedo m and individualism. Therefore, Huxley presents the scientific and unreal universe, where common people are reduced to nil, as elect governments have all the power in their custodies. In the essayScience, Liberty and Peace( 1946 ) Huxley points at the fact that the concentration of power in the custodies of some persons who are responsible for scientific development consequences in the formation of societal disparity. This thought is clearly expressed inBrave New World, where every character is someone’s ownership and he/she has neither the ability nor the want to get freedom. Familiarity or solitariness are the misdemeanors of the bing system ; as Fanny Crowne explains, â€Å"After all, every one belongs to every one else† ( Huxley, 1998 [ page 43 ] ) . The supporters in Huxley’sBrave New Worldwork and loosen up together, as the Controllers are afraid that solitariness may destruct the psychological conditioning and force people to believe. This is particularly obvious in the conversation between Bernard Marx and one of the Controllers, in which the latter provinces, â€Å"I’m non at all pleased with the studies I received of your beh avior outside working hours†¦ If I hear once more of any oversight from a proper criterion of childish decorousness, I shall inquire for your transference to Iceland† ( ( Huxley, 1998 [ page 98 ] ) . In fact, today’s mass media, particularly in the United States, greatly corresponds with haoma and conditioning in Huxley’s narrative. As engineering began to progress, telecasting and computing machines started to command the person’s head, similar to Huxley’s haoma. InBrave New Worldthe Controllers besides utilise the alleged sleep-learning, with the aid of which children’s thought is changed during slumber. As for grownups, haoma and conditioning are aggravated by the publication of specific plants that maintain people in the illusive universe. The Controllers inBrave New World,particularly Mustapha Mond, make everything to forbid the spread of true publications, like the work of Bernard Marx, as they are afraid that such plants will destruct the procedure of conditioning. In modern America the function of the Controller is performed by media, as kid and grownup population is socially conditioned by assorted Television plans and the Internet, whi ch demonstrate assorted illustrations of terrorist act, sexual perversion and drug dependence. Besides, similar to soma, the USA has become obsessed with such anti-depressant drug as Prozac, which creates an semblance of felicity and calm, but the negative effects of these anti-depressants are concealed by the media. The major purpose of Huxley’s society is ingestion ; this thought is infused in the protagonists’ minds through the specific instructions that are invariably reiterated. The instructions are as follows: â€Å"Old apparels are beastly, we ever throw off old apparels. Ending is better than mending, stoping is better than mending, stoping is better†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( Huxley, 1998 [ page 49 ] ) . Religion in Huxley’s universe is besides based on the rules of ingestion ; in peculiar, it replaces Christ for Ford and the cross for T, one of Ford’s auto theoretical accounts. In these portraitures Aldous Huxley embodies his ain frights of people’s mercenary being, of their compulsion with external facets and their disregard of inner universes, of spiritualty. Picturing this Utopian society, the author implicitly demonstrates that this Utopia may go a world, because in the universe that is excessively preoccupied with philistinism and pleasures people bury thei r true predestination. In the United States and Russia the spread of ingestion developed the job of workaholism ; material values became so of import for the bulk of American and Russian population that they bit by bit replaced household life with concern life. The function of household in Huxley’s fabricated society is besides eliminated, but the grounds are different. Making an effort to get by with the job of overpopulation, the Controllers in Huxley’sBrave New Worldprohibit matrimonies and childbearing. Alternatively, kids are produced with the aid of familial technology and are brought up in the conditioning Centres. Such vision demonstrates Huxley’s concern for unmanageable sexual dealingss that normally result in the increased birth rate or abortions. Use of haoma aggravates the devastation of familial dealingss, as people inBrave New Worldrely on the drug instead than on close people. The modern universe besides confronts with the issues of human cloning, abortions and drugs, r aising hot arguments among assorted groups of people. As for cloning, Cambell and Wilmut’s successful cloning of Dolly, an grownup sheep, was followed by the first human cloning performed by British scientists from Newcastle University. Actually, these bookmans hope to use the root cells from the ringer for the intervention of such serious unwellnesss as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and palsy. However, public and media’s attitude to cloning is instead equivocal, and Huxley’sBrave New Worldclearly demonstrates the grounds of people’s anxiousnesss, as human cloning disrupts the natural procedures and destroys familial dealingss. Lee Silver ( 1998 ) , the American professor, considers that Huxley’s universe is nearing and that cloning may supply splendid chances for all human existences. Harmonizing to Silver, in close hereafter it will be possible for rich people to clone their kids, bring forthing a separate category of persons. During his governing President Bill Clinton opposed carnal and human cloning, doing efforts to forbid researches on cloning, but today’s President George Bush seems to back up the issue of cloning. Meanwhile, scientists continue to carry on experiments in private and secret research labs without any societal or governmental control. Under such conditions, the effects of these experiments may be truly destructive. C ontroversies in respect to such important issues are unacceptable, because they do non work out the state of affairs, but aggravate it. On the other manus, inBrave New WorldHuxley besides reveals the negative effects of stableness ; as the Controllers acknowledge, â€Å"The world’s stable now†¦ [ but people ] are so conditioned that they practically can’t aid behaving as they ought to act. That’s the monetary value we pay for stability† ( Huxley, 1998 [ page 221 ] ) . Huxley’s attitude to stability corresponds with Orwell’s vision, but unlike Orwell’s universe, where the regulating organic structure suppresses all persons, Huxley’s universe preserves some people, the barbarians, who live in specific reserves and who lead a natural being. Although these people lack any engineering, they set up close dealingss and maintain their cultural values. In his last workIsland( 1962 ) Aldous Huxley besides portrays the Utopian universe on the island Pala, but Palanese society well differs from the society portrayed inBrave New World.InIslandthe author maintains the th ought of limited industrialization ; though engineering is utilised in Pala for the medical intents, it is restricted in other countries, such as hydroelectricity and armed forces. In this respect, Huxley ( 1968 ) expresses his want for the society, which, on the one manus, is increasingly developed, and, on the other manus, is crude. While inBrave New Worldhaoma is utilised for conciliation, inIslanddrugs serve for increasing people’s cognition and self hunt. InBrave New Worldthe issue of gender is presented through the conservative position ; this is particularly obvious on the illustration of Savage John who kills himself when he looses virginity. InIslandgender is analysed in a more freely mode ; in Pala sexual dealingss are important for the inner development. InIslandthe societal system corresponds with Plato’s vision of society that has no military, that is why, Pala is alienated from the universe. But this Utopian universe besides has some negative sides ; despite the fact that Pala reflects the combination of Western and Eastern philosophical schools, Huxley clearly demonstrates that world is something more than any doctrine. Palanese society is so haunted with its values and manner of life that it to the full rejects other societies and reveals its implacability towards other faiths. 5 Decisions The conducted research has addressed the issues of province, freedom, apathy and brainwashing in George Orwell’s novelNineteen Eighty-fourand Aldous Huxley’s novelBrave New World.Using to the historical and comparative methods, the paper evaluates the symbolical portraitures of totalitarian systems that are presented through the satirical vision. The findings of the analysis reveal that both literary plants are prophetic in their portraitures of the hereafter societies. Although Huxley and Orwell create different narratives with different historical contexts, their visions of the province parallel the modern societal and political systems in such states as Germany, United States, China, Russia and Ukraine. Huxley’s portraiture of cloned persons corresponds with the recent successful efforts of scientists to clone animate beings and human existences. Besides, the writer’s description of haoma, the narcotic drug, reflects the world of the modern universe, wh ere mass media controls people’s heads in the similar manner. The paper suggests that American and Russian mass media, particularly telecasting and Internet, is the chief tool of societal conditioning. Orwell’s portraiture of head control parallels the job of brainwashing that is particularly aggravated in the United States. Using to brainwashing, the Bush authorities creates a political system that well resembles the Nazi government and involves Americans into terrorist act. Overall, Aldous Huxley and George Orwell represent dystopian societies, which prohibit any show of freedom, believing, free will and powerful emotions, using such signifiers of influence as brainwashing or drugs to set up the full control over citizens. The dystopian societies in these narratives reveal the possible menace, functioning as a cautiousness against any sorts of the absolute societal control, as was merely the instance with German fascism and Russian totalitarian government in the 20Thursdaycentury. But while Huxley’sBrave New Worlddeficiencies any terrorist disposition, showing the society that is non engaged in any sorts of resistance due to the consequence of haoma and conditioning, Orwell’sNineteen Eighty-fournowadayss a more aggressive universe with resistance, hurting and poorness. The battle is the c hangeless phenomenon of Orwell’s universe, negatively act uponing economical, societal, cultural and political life of this dystopian society. 6 Suggestions for farther research Although the research has provided a elaborate analysis of Huxley’sBrave New Worldand Orwell’sNineteen Eighty-Four,pulling a analogue between the modern universe and the universes presented in the novels, the paper has some restrictions. First, the analysis is reduced merely to two writers of the 20Thursdaycenturies who depict the Utopian societies, while farther researches may be aimed at measuring other literary pieces of Utopian and dystopian fiction of the 19Thursday– 20Thursdaycenturies, such asSolarisby Stanislaw Lem and Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury. Second, the major emphasis in the research is made onBrave New WorldandNineteen Eighty-four; other plants of Huxley and Orwell are discussed briefly. Therefore, it will be important to broaden the analysis, including all major plants and essays written by the mentioned writers. Mentions Books ALI, T. , 2002. The Clash of Fundamentalism. London: Verso. ANISIMOV, I. , 1975. Pravda Review of Nineteen Eighty-Four. In: J. Meyers, ed. , George Orwell: The Critical Heritage ( pp.282-283 ) . London and Boston, MA: Routledge A ; Kegan Paul. BARNES, H. E. , 1980. How Nineteen Eighty-four Tendencies Threaten American Peace, Freedom and Prosperity. In: H.E. Barnes, Revisionism: A Key to Peace and Other Essays ( pp.142-143 ) . San Francisco: Cato Institute. CALDER, J. , 1976. Huxley and Orwell: Brave New World and Nineteen Eighty-Four. London: Adward Arnold Publishers Ltd. FROMM, E. , 1990. Afterword. In: G. Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four. New York: Signet Classic. FUKUYAMA, F. , 2002. Our Post-Human Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution. London: Profile. HITCHENS, C. , 2002. Why Orwell Matters. New York: Basic Books. HUXLEY, A. , 1946. Science, Liberty and Peace. New York: Harper A ; Row. HUXLEY, A. , 1968. Island. New York: Harper A ; Row Publishers. HUXLEY, A. , 1998. Time Must Have a Stop. Illinois, Dalkey Archive Press. HUXLEY, A. , 1998. Weather New World. New York: Harper Collins Publishers Inc. KENNEDY, A. , 1998. The Inversion of Form: Deconstructing 1984. In: G. Holderness, B. Loughrey A ; N. Yousaf, eds. , George Orwell ( pp.76-96 ) . Basingstoke: Macmillan. LEEDY, P. , 2001. Practical Research. New Jersey: Merill. MADDEN, D. , 1992. Womans in Dystopia: Misogyny in Brave New World, 1984 and A Clockwork Orange. In: K. A. Ackley, ed. , Misogyny in Literature: An Essay Collection ( pp.77-86 ) . New York: Garland. MANNHEIM, K. , 1985. Ideology and Utopia: An Introduction to the Sociology of Knowledge. New York: Harvest. ORWELL, G. , 1970. Letter to Francis A. Henderson. In: S. Orwell and I. Angus, eds. , The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell, 4 Vols ( Vol. 4: In Front of Your Nose ) . Harmondsworth: Penguin. ORWELL, G. , 1970. As I Please, Tribune, 21 July 1944. In: S. Orwell and I. Angus, eds. , The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell, 4 Vols ( Vol.3, pp.93-94 ) . Harmondsworth: Penguin. ORWELL, G. , 1970. Literature and Totalitarianism, Listener 19. June 1941. In: S. Orwell and I. Angus, eds. , The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell, 4 Vols ( Vol.2, pp.161-164 ) . Harmondsworth: Penguin. ORWELL, G. , 1977. Coming Up for Air. Harmondsworth: Penguin. ORWELL, G. , 1977. Animal Farm. Harmondsworth: Penguin. ORWELL, G. , 2000. Nineteen Eighty-four. London, Penguin. POSTMAN, N. , 1986. Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business. New York: Penguin Books. RAGIN, C. , 1991. Issues and Options in Comparative Social Research. Leiden: Brill. RAI, A. , 1988. Orwell and the Politicss of Despair: A Critical Study of the Writings of George Orwell. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. SILVER, L. , 1998. Remaking Eden: How Genetic Engineering and Cloning Will Transform the American Family. New York, Avon. SUVIN, D. , 1970. Afterword. In: S. Lem, Solaris ( pp.205-216 ) . New York: Faber. Winter, F. , 1984. Was Orwell a Secret Optimist? : The Narrative Structure of the Appendix to Nineteen Eighty-Four. In: B. J. Suykerbuyk, ed. , Essays from Oceania and Eurasia: George Orwell and 1984: Documents Presented at the Orwell Conference, University of Antwerp, 11-13 November 1983 ( pp.79-89 ) . Antwerp: Universitaire Instelling Antwerpen. Dictionaries THE CONCISE OXFORD DICTIONARY OF CURRENT ENGLISH, 1991. R.E. Allen, erectile dysfunction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Diaries GARTMAN, D. , 1998. ‘Postmodernism ; or the Cultural Logic of Post-Fordism’ , Sociological Quarterly, 39 ( 1 ) , 119-137. MECKIER, J. , 1978 ( spring ) . ‘Our Ford, Our Freud and the Behaviourist Conspiracy in Huxley’s Brave New World’ , Thalia 1, 35-59. VARRICCHIO, M. , 1999. ‘Power of Images/Images of Power in Brave New World and Nineteen Eighty-Four’ , Utopian Studies, 10 ( 1 ) , 98-107.

Free Essays on Democracy

Democracy How many of you know what democracy means to the American citizens? If you ask most young people what democracy is they will say its America’s government but for the most part that is all they know. Of course we’ve briefly discussed it in past years of schooling but nothing has really stuck with me or made me even think about it. Now, though, what democracy is has become clearer. It’s what America is based upon, for the people, by the people, and is the people, right? After reading a few articles on democracy and discussing it with others some new ideas and theories have came to mind. At this point in time, and in the past, democracy has been the best form of government for the American people. When I think of democracy, freedom is the first thing that comes to mind. Liberty also comes to mind and the actual definition of liberty is freedom from external control. Thinking about external control reminds me of a monarchy or dictatorship which are the exact opposites of democracy. Generally these types of government involve only one ruler while in America we have many representatives, yet it is the people who have the say in making choices by the way of votes. Its how the voting system is set up that really separates America from how other countries run their governments. Americans get to vote on laws and choose what they’d like to keep and what they wouldn’t. This is unique and beneficial but it really only works for the majority, not the minority. The reason why it only works for the majority is the majority of the votes decides what laws pass and what laws don’t. The minorities then are not happy because what they wanted did not happen. This can cause frustrations and make the minority unsatisfied with the final result. With each form of government come certain laws, as evident by history. These laws in democracy’s case are political, but before there were common laws to go with Liberty. Po... Free Essays on Democracy Free Essays on Democracy Interest Groups Interest groups are a group of people who share common traits, attitudes, beliefs, and/or objectives who have formed a formal organization to serve specific common interests of the membership. Examples of interest groups would include such disparate organizations as the Auburn Chamber of Commerce, the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the elementary school P.T.A., the Teamsters Union, the Southern Baptist Convention, the American Numismatics Association, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the Brangus Breeders Association, the American Civil Liberties Union, the Cosa Nostra, and the Benevolent Order of Elks. Interest groups typically have formal admission to membership, dues, elected officers, by-laws and regular meetings, and they often provide information and regular opportunities for communication through newsletters or magazines, sponsor recreational or educational activities, organize volunteer public service projects, make deals for g roup discounts or group insurance and so on. Larger interest group organizations may have full-time paid officers or professional staff to manage and to supplement the efforts of member-volunteers in furthering the work of the organization. Many interest groups at least occasionally engage in some form of lobbying or other political activities with respect to issues that touch directly on the common interests that are the organization's reason for being for example, the PTA may organize support for a bond issue election to pay for erecting a new school building. Some interest groups have political activity as their principal or only reason for being in the first place. Interest groups that exist primarily for exerting political influence as a means of affecting government policies or legislation are often referred to by the narrower term pressure groups. Since more and more activities have become politicized with the expansion of th... Free Essays on Democracy [TOC] Introduction:- Democracy is a tender topic for a writer: like motherhood and apple pie it is not to be criticized. One will risk being roundly condemned if he, or she, points out the serious bottleneck that is presented when a community attempts, through the democratic process, to set plans for positive social action. A man is not permitted to hesitate about its merits, without the suspicion of being a friend to tyranny, that is, of being a foe to mankind?2 The notions of government and of democracy are independent notions and do not, from what I can see, depend on one another. What is likely required for the masses of people, as we see in "modern" world societies, is an established system of government. Where there is a need for an established system of government, it will likely naturally come about; and do so, whether, or not, it has the consent of the people, real or imagined. Putting aside, for the moment, the arguments of Hobbes and Locke, I believe, on the basis of plain historical fact, that governments come about naturally and maintain themselves naturally without the general will of the people; indeed, I believe, with many others I suspect, that our long established democratic governments in the world (the United States and Canada being among them) did not come about by the general will of the people, at all; nor is it necessary that it should it be maintained by the will of the people.3 One should not conclude, therefore, th at democracy is necessary for good government: It may not be. What is necessary for optimum prosperity is a state of acquiescence, which, as it happens, is the hallmark of western democracies. It may be, that the only thing needed is but the trappings of democracy. An individual or group of individuals may take and maintain power by the use of coercive force. From history we can see that this is the usual way by which power is gained, and maintained. However, it has long been understood t... Free Essays on Democracy Democracy How many of you know what democracy means to the American citizens? If you ask most young people what democracy is they will say its America’s government but for the most part that is all they know. Of course we’ve briefly discussed it in past years of schooling but nothing has really stuck with me or made me even think about it. Now, though, what democracy is has become clearer. It’s what America is based upon, for the people, by the people, and is the people, right? After reading a few articles on democracy and discussing it with others some new ideas and theories have came to mind. At this point in time, and in the past, democracy has been the best form of government for the American people. When I think of democracy, freedom is the first thing that comes to mind. Liberty also comes to mind and the actual definition of liberty is freedom from external control. Thinking about external control reminds me of a monarchy or dictatorship which are the exact opposites of democracy. Generally these types of government involve only one ruler while in America we have many representatives, yet it is the people who have the say in making choices by the way of votes. Its how the voting system is set up that really separates America from how other countries run their governments. Americans get to vote on laws and choose what they’d like to keep and what they wouldn’t. This is unique and beneficial but it really only works for the majority, not the minority. The reason why it only works for the majority is the majority of the votes decides what laws pass and what laws don’t. The minorities then are not happy because what they wanted did not happen. This can cause frustrations and make the minority unsatisfied with the final result. With each form of government come certain laws, as evident by history. These laws in democracy’s case are political, but before there were common laws to go with Liberty. Po...

Cómo recuperar impuestos pagados en EE.UU. por turistas

Cà ³mo recuperar impuestos pagados en EE.UU. por turistas En Estados Unidos, los turistas internacionales pueden recuperar los impuestos que pagaron por sus compras pequeà ±as en solo dos –Louisiana y Texas. Adems, cinco estados – Delaware, Alaska, Nuevo Hampshire, Montana y Oregà ³n  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ no cobran impuesto a las ventas, por lo que deben tenerse en consideracià ³n a la hora de decidir en quà © estado comprar si se quiere ahorrar en impuestos. Cabe destacar que como en EE.UU. los impuestos sobre las ventas no es una competencia del gobierno federal no es posible para un turista internacional reclamar lo pagado en este concepto cuando sale del paà ­s, sino que se ha de ajustar a las reglas de cada estado. Es decir, hay una gran diferencia en este aspecto en relacià ³n a otros paà ­ses, por ejemplo, a la recuperacià ³n del VAT cuando un turista no comunitario sale de un paà ­s de la Unià ³n Europea. Puntos Clave: cà ³mo pueden los turistas reclamar un tax refund en EE.UU. Estados Unidos es, despuà ©s de Francia y Espaà ±a, el paà ­s que ms turistas internacionales recibe anualmente.Estados Unidos es el paà ­s donde los turistas internacionales ms dinero gastan.El impuesto a las ventas no es competencia federal, por lo que o es posible reclamarlo al salir del paà ­s.Solamente dos estados –Louisiana y Texas– reintegran el impuesto a las ventas a los turistas internacionales.En algunos estados es posible recuperar el impuesto a las ventas en compras mayores como, por ejemplo, yates, autos o camiones.En 16 estados existen vacaciones de impuesto a las ventas por 3, 5 à ³ 7 dà ­as. Texas Tax Back o cà ³mo reclamar en ese estado el reembolso del impuesto a las ventas En Texas el impuesto a las ventas es, con carcter general, del 6,25 por ciento. Sin embargo, ciudades y condados pueden incrementarlo de tal modo que puede llegar a pagarse un mximo del 8,25 por ciento de impuesto. Texas es junto a Louisiana los à ºnicos estados que permiten reclamar la devolucià ³n del pago de impuesto por compras menores como electrà ³nica, ropa, juguetes, etc. Para que un turista extranjero pueda presentar la solicitud de un tax refund por sus compras en el estado de Texas debe cumplir con los siguientes requisitos: Pasaporte de otro paà ­sVisa vlida o pertenecer a  Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas (VWP)Un I-94 vlido, que se puede imprimir onlinePresentarse en un Tax Refund CenterPresentar los recibos de las compras realizadas en los à ºltimos 30 dà ­asBoleto de avià ³n de salida de Estados Unidos o itinerarioLa tarjeta de crà ©dito con la que se efectuaron las comprasLa mercancà ­a de las  compras realizadas Adems, hay que tener en cuenta que solamente se admiten los recibos de tiendas que participan en el programa. Por ejemplo, Macy ´s, Saks, Neiman Marcus, Victoria ´s Secret, etc. Antes de comprar se puede consultar la lista completa de establecimientos partà ­cipes. Asimismo, para que los recibos puedan calificar para la devolucià ³n de impuestos es necesario pagar en cada tienda un mà ­nimo de 10 dà ³lares de impuestos.   El dinero ser reembolsado de una de las dos siguientes maneras: en primer lugar, se puede escoger un tax refund al momento, pero se paga una comisià ³n que puede llegar a ser la mitad del importe. En segundo lugar, en un plazo de seis u ocho semanas, mediante depà ³sito a la cuenta de Paypal del turista o mediante envà ­o de un cheque o reembolso a la tarjeta de crà ©dito. Los Tax Refund Centers pueden encontrarse en centros comerciales, outlets, aeropuertos e incluso grandes almacenes como Macy ´s. La gestià ³n llevar aproximadamente unos treinta  minutos. Finalmente, cabe destacar que el Texas Tax Back, que es la institucià ³n del gobierno estatal que maneja estos trmites, cobra 3 dà ³lares por la gestià ³n ms el 2,75% del total de las compras. Devolucià ³n de impuestos a turistas internacionales en Louisiana En este estado sureà ±o el impuesto a las ventas general es del 4,45 por ciento sobre el valor de la cosa o servicio comprado. Sin embargo, con el sobrecargo de ciudades o condados pueden llegar a un mximo del 11,45 por ciento. Las reglas para los turistas internacionales para obtener el reintegro de los impuestos son distintas a las de Texas . En Louisiana los requisitos son los siguientes: Compra en tiendas en programa Louisiana Tax Free Shopping.Mostrar pasaporte extranjero en momento de la compraSolicitar el folleto tax refund voucher Para obtener el reembolso los turistas deben presentarse en un Refund Center en el Aeropuerto internacional Louis Armstrong  de Nueva Orleans, el The Riverwalk Marketplace, en el banco Capital One en Lafayette y Shreveport. Al acudir en persona a los Refund Centers los vouchers entregados en cada una de las tiendas participantes en las que se hicieron compras, el pasaporte extranjero con visa vigente a menos que se pertenezca a un paà ­s en el VWP. En todo caso es imprescindible estar legalmente como turista en el paà ­s. Finalmente, debe mostrarse el ticket de avià ³n ida y vuelta para estancia en EE.UU. por un mximo de 90 dà ­as. Los reintegros de menos de 500 dà ³lares se entregarn al momento en efectivo. Por cantidades mayores se enviarn por cheque al domicilio del turista en su paà ­s de residencia. Finalmente, tambià ©n es posible solicitarlo por correo electrà ³nico escribiendo a LTFSrefunfinfobellsouth.net y seguir las instrucciones sobre adà ³nde enviar los recibos. Estados con vacaciones del impuesto a las ventas Ni en todo los estados se paga el mismo porcentaje de impuesto a las ventas, ni los mismos artà ­culos son gravados en todos los estados que tienen este tipo de impuestos. Adems, 16 estados tienen todos los aà ±os vacaciones del impuesto a las ventas, conocido en inglà ©s como sales tax holidays. Durante esas vacaciones, entre 3 o 7 dà ­as, no se pagan impuestos cada vez que se compra un artà ­culo incluido en la lista de cada estado y por el importe mximo autorizado. Est pensado para los residentes locales, pero tambià ©n pueden beneficiarse los turistas internacionales. Entre los artà ­culos incluidos en esas vacaciones destacan ropa, material escolar, electrà ³nica, computadores, electrodomà ©sticos eficientes y materiales de preparacià ³n para eventos como huracanes. Tax refunds para turistas internacionales cuando se compran autos, yates, etc Las reglas dependen de cada estado e, incluso, de detalles precisos del negocio. Por esta razà ³n se recomienda consultar directamente con la autoridad impositiva del estado en el que se realice la compra. Es tambià ©n una buena prctica asesorarse con un fiscalista de buena reputacià ³n con experiencia en exportaciones. Por à ºltimo, siempre es conveniente hacer las cuentas sobre si sale realmente ms barato al comprar en EE.UU. porque en artà ­culos como autos o yates si no se paga en ese paà ­s, se paga impuesto de importacià ³n en el paà ­s del turista. Consejos para turistas que disfrutan comprar en EE.UU. Si se viaja a Nueva York una de las formas de comprar barato ropa y accesorios de marca es enterndose de dà ³nde se realizan los sample sales. Y si el interà ©s de un turista internacional es comprar una propiedad como inversià ³n o para disfrutarla en cualquier parte de los Estados Unidos puede hacerlo pero es recomendable que conozco quà © comportamientos podrà ­an poner en peligro su visa de paseo. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso concreto.